Diabetes & Your Eyes in Green Bay WI

Diabetes can impact your health in numerous ways, including your heart, kidneys, peripheral nerves, skin, and eyes. But why does this happen?

Diabetes can damage blood vessels throughout your body, including those in your eyes. Specifically, diabetes can harm the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This condition is known as diabetic retinopathy in Green Bay WI.

One of the primary ways blood vessels are damaged is through a loss of integrity, causing them to "leak." This leakage allows fluids to accumulate in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. When the macula swells due to excess fluid, it results in a condition called macular edema. Understanding these processes is crucial for managing eye health in individuals with diabetes.

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Types of Diabetic Eye Disease in Green Bay WI

Diabetic eye disease encompasses a range of eye conditions that can arise from diabetes. These conditions include:

• Diabetic Retinopathy: This is the leading cause of blindness among American adults. Diabetic retinopathy occurs when the blood vessels in the retina undergo changes, leading to leakage or the growth of abnormal new vessels on the retina's surface.
• Macular Edema: The macula, located at the center of the retina, provides sharp, straight-ahead vision. Diabetes can cause the blood vessels in the macula to leak, leading to swelling and resulting in blurred or distorted vision.
• Glaucoma: Diabetes can lead to a specific type of glaucoma known as neovascular glaucoma. High blood sugar levels can damage the retinal blood vessels, prompting the growth of abnormal new vessels. When these new vessels grow on the iris (the colored part of the eye), they can increase eye pressure, leading to glaucoma.
• Cataracts: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cataracts earlier and faster due to elevated blood sugar levels. This causes a cloudy buildup in the eye's lens, forming a cataract and impairing vision.
• Swelling of the Eye Lens: Diabetes can cause swelling of the eye lens, resulting in blurry vision. Rapid changes in blood sugar levels, such as transitioning from low to normal, can alter the shape of the eye's lens, leading to temporary vision blurriness. Once blood sugar levels stabilize, vision typically returns to normal. When getting eyeglasses, it's important to ensure that your blood sugar levels are stable before your exam to obtain the most accurate prescription.

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Complications Arising from Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy, a condition that leads to abnormal growth and bleeding of the retina’s blood vessels, can result in several vision problems. Here are some potential complications:

• Vitreous Hemorrhage: The vitreous, a clear, jelly-like substance filling the center of your eyes, can become clouded by leaking blood vessels caused by diabetic retinopathy. This leakage can lead to floaters or, in severe cases, completely block your vision.
• Retinal Detachment: Abnormal blood vessels in the retina can promote the growth of scar tissue. This scar tissue can pull the retina away from the back of the eye, leading to retinal detachment. Symptoms include flashes of light, severe vision loss, and spots floating in your vision.
• Glaucoma: When abnormal blood vessels from diabetic retinopathy grow into the front area of the eye, they can obstruct the normal flow of fluid. This blockage increases eye pressure, resulting in glaucoma. If untreated, glaucoma can damage the optic nerve and further impair vision.
• Blindness: Over time, untreated diabetic retinopathy and its complications can lead to complete vision loss. Regular eye exams and early intervention are crucial to managing this condition and preventing severe outcomes.

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Recognizing Diabetic Macular Edema

In the early stages of diabetic macular edema (DME), you may not notice any changes in your vision. However, regular retina screenings by an eye care specialist can detect early signs of the condition.

As DME progresses, you may begin to experience symptoms such as:

• Blurry or double vision
• Floaters (small dark spots floating in your field of vision)
• Difficulty distinguishing colors
• Dark spots (scotomas) in your vision
• Straight lines appearing bent or curved
• Increased sensitivity to glare or bright light
• Discrepancy in size perception of objects when viewed with one eye versus the other

The macula is crucial for central vision, which allows us to see things directly in front of us and perceive fine details . People with advanced diabetes-related macular edema often describe their vision as blurry or out-of-focus. The swelling in the macula can impair their ability to drive, read, work on a computer, knit, or perform any tasks that require central vision.

Without treatment, your vision may continue to worsen. Regular eye check-ups and early intervention are key to managing and preserving your vision health.

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Best Practices for Eye Health In Green Bay WI When You Have Diabetes

Managing diabetes effectively is crucial for maintaining good eye health and preventing complications such as diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Here are some best practices to help protect your eyes when you have diabetes:

1. Regular Eye Exams:
Schedule comprehensive eye exams at least once a year with an eye care professional. These exams should include a dilated eye examination to allow your doctor to thoroughly inspect the retina and optic nerve for signs of damage. Early detection of eye problems can lead to more effective treatment.

2. Maintain Optimal Blood Sugar Levels:
Keeping your blood sugar levels within the target range can help prevent damage to the blood vessels in your eyes. Monitor your blood sugar regularly, follow your healthcare provider's advice on medication and diet, and adjust your lifestyle to keep your levels stable.

3. Control Blood Pressure and Cholesterol:
High blood pressure and cholesterol can exacerbate diabetic eye diseases. Work with your healthcare provider to manage these conditions through medication, diet, and regular exercise. Keeping these factors in check will help reduce the risk of vision problems.

4. Adopt a Healthy Diet:
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Foods high in antioxidants, such as leafy greens, carrots, and citrus fruits, can support eye health. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish like salmon and tuna can also benefit your eyes.

5. Exercise Regularly:
Regular physical activity helps improve overall health, including eye health. Exercise can help regulate blood sugar levels, reduce blood pressure, and improve blood circulation, which benefits the eyes.

6. Quit Smoking:
Smoking increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy and other eye diseases. If you smoke, seek help to quit. Avoiding tobacco will improve your overall health and reduce the risk of eye complications.

7. Protect Your Eyes from UV Light:
Wear sunglasses that block 100% of UV rays when you are outdoors. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light can damage your eyes and exacerbate conditions like cataracts and macular degeneration.

8. Monitor Vision Changes:
Pay attention to any changes in your vision, such as blurriness, floaters, or difficulty seeing at night. If you notice any changes, contact your eye care professional immediately. Early intervention can prevent minor issues from becoming major problems.

9. Take Medications as Prescribed:
Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for managing diabetes and take all medications as prescribed. This includes insulin or oral medications for diabetes, as well as any medications for blood pressure or cholesterol.

10. Educate Yourself:
Stay informed about the potential impact of diabetes on your eyes. Understanding the risks and knowing how to manage your health can empower you to take proactive steps to preserve your vision.

By incorporating these best practices into your daily routine, you can significantly reduce the risk of developing serious eye complications and maintain healthy vision while managing diabetes. Regular consultations with your healthcare providers and eye care providers at All Eyes On You Optometry in Green Bay WI and consistent self-care are key to protecting your eye health.